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KMID : 0378019610040010073
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New Medical Journal
1961 Volume.4 No. 1 p.73 ~ p.76
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Retinal Changes in Normal and Toxemic Pregnancies
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李明秀/Lee, Myung Soo
金順昌/趙炳釵/Kim, Soon Chang/Cho, Byung Chae
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Abstract
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Toxemia is one of the important diseases in the field of obstetrics since it not only threatened the life of a pregnant
woman with complication of eclampsia, atonic bleeding. nephritis and hypertension but also it is associated with an increase in infant mortality.
Toxemia is also one of the important diseases in the field of ophthalmology because it causes Albuminuric retinitis, Eclampsia retinitis and Eclampsia amaurosis.
Retinal changes during pregnancy were first described by Dr. Von Graefe and Von Helmholtz in 1855, four years after the ophthalmoscope was invented. ´Since then many reports have been published.
The incidence of retinal changes in toxemia varies from 20 per cent to 100 per cent. Even in normal pregnant woman,- the incidence varies from 20 per cent to 40 per cent. Many theories have been published to explain .cause for this wide normal variation.
This is a report of fundus examination made recently on 240 normal pregnant women and 54 women with toxemia.
These 294 women (240 normal pregnancy and 54 toxemic pregnancy) had their delivery at Ewha women´s Univeristy Hospital.
The fundus was examined within 48 hours prior to parturition and within 3 days after the delivery. Before examination the pupils were dilated with 2 per cent Homatropine hydrobromide.
Conclusion:
(1) The incidence of the fundic abnormalities in 294 pregnant women is 60 or 20.4 per cent.
(2) In toxemia, retinal changes were found in 46 of the 54 patients, an incidence of 83.3 per cent.
(3) Retinal changes were found in only of 240 normal pregnant women, namely 6.3 per cent.
(4) The infant mortality increased to 55.5% in mothers showing the 2nd degree of serious retinal changes.
This was confirmed also through the Chei-square Test.
(5) Albuminuria and the high blood pressure present before delivery slowly returned to normal after the delivery.
(6) The incidence of fundic abnormalities in the multipara was 5% greater than the incidence in primipara.
This was not checked by the Chei-square test (See: Figure 12).
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